The horror of rape or sexual assault is traumatizing enough for any victim. [11] Young converted to the Reformed Methodist Church in 1824 after studying the Bible. A church conference held in Iowa sustained Young and his First Presidency on December 27, 1847. [89] Young organized the first Utah Territorial Legislature and established Fillmore as the territory's first capital. Did Brigham Young Approve the Attack? A bronze marker was placed at the grave site June 10, 1938, by members of the Young Men and Young Women organizations, which he founded. [177] A few of his wives served in administrative positions in the church, such as Zina Huntington and Eliza R. Snow. The Center also supported student training for life-long temple and family history service. By 1870, it had all but disappeared from use.[108]. [83][84] Young and his counselors were again sustained unanimously by church members at a church conference in Salt Lake City in September 1850.[85]. Upon joining the Methodists, he insisted on being baptized by immersion rather than by their normal practice of sprinkling. On. Trumpeter Keyon . [121] The LDS Church has formally repudiated the doctrine as early as 1889,[122] and multiple times since the days of Young. According to Wilford Woodruff, in 1861 Young brought an entourage to Mountain Meadows and suggested that the monument instead read "Vengeance is mine and I have taken a little". He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877. During the defense of Utah, now called the Utah War, Young held the U.S. Army at bay for a winter by taking their cattle and burning supply wagons. As Governor of the Utah Territory, Brigham Young pushed for the admission of Utah as a state, sending dozens of representatives to the nation's capitol to urge that action. Recently, Brigham Young has been under attack by many who think his actions were racist, sexist, authoritarian, violent and more. Young, Brigham Born June 1, 1801 Whitingham, Vermont Died August 29, 1877 Salt Lake City, Utah Religious leader Mormon leader Brigham Young led his followers on a trek across the American plains to the Great Salt Lake Valley in present-day Utah. [114], One of the more controversial teachings of Young during the Mormon Reformation was the AdamGod doctrine. [87] During his time as governor, Young directed the establishment of settlements throughout present-day Utah, Idaho, Arizona, Nevada, California and parts of southern Colorado and northern Mexico. A young boy has died and his mother has been hospitalized after being attacked by a pack of dogs over the weekend, according to tribal authorities. Young informed Van Vliet that he was skeptical that the army's intentions were peaceful and that the Mormons intended to resist occupation. [31][32] In August 1835, Young and the rest of the Quorum of the Twelve issued a testimony in support of the divine origin of the Doctrine and Covenants. [135] The Mormon Reformation called for a spiritual reawakening among members of the church, and took place largely in the Utah Territory. [81], After three years of leading the church as the President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Young reorganized a new First Presidency and was sustained as the second president of the church on December 27, 1847 at Winter Quarters. The family moved to Vermont shortly before Brigham Young was born. [10] They first resided in a small house adjacent to a pail factory, which was Young's main place of employment at the time. He refused to sign a temperance pledge, however, stating that "if I sign the temperance pledge I feel that I am bound, and I wish to do just right, without being bound to do it; I want my liberty. Dates. Jeffery Ogden Johnson, Determining and Defining 'Wife': The Brigham Young Households, Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, Vol. When asked to comment on the story, which had, "provoked the animosity of the Mormon faithful", Doyle noted, "all I said about the Danite Band and the murders is historical so I cannot withdraw that though it is likely that in a work of fiction it is stated more luridly than in a work of history." During his time as church president, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, west from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Salt Lake Valley. [75] Two days after their arrival, Young and the Twelve Apostles climbed the peak just north of the city and raised the American flag, calling it the "Ensign of Liberty. Brigham Young (/ b r m /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American religious leader and politician. Researchers note that not all of the fifty-six marriages were conjugal. Carter. [47] Young married Lucy Ann Decker in June 1842, making her his first plural wife. [183][184][185], Brigham Young appears at the end of the bande dessine Le Fil qui chante, the last in the Lucky Luke series by Ren Goscinny. An empathy crisis. Never a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. His sisters were: Nancy Young Kent Fanny Young Murray Rhoda Young Green Nabby Young (who died young) Susannah Young Little Louisa. "[20], When Young sent his report on the massacre to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs in 1858, he said that it was the work of Native Americans.[21]. This will always be so. [44], During his time in Nauvoo, Joseph Smith introduced the doctrine of plural marriage among church leaders. Six Days in August: Brigham Young and the Succession Crisis of 1844 Ronald W. Walker Every Latter-day Saint knows the importance of the six days in August 1844 when Brigham Young and the Twelve Apostles were sustained at Nauvoo as Joseph Smith's successors. Young organized the journey that would take the Mormon pioneers to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846, before continuing on to the Salt Lake Valley. History of Brigham Young, entry dated Jan. 5, 1852, Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDS Church Archives (quoted in Ricks, A Peculiar Place, 114). [150] On September 2, 1877, Young's funeral was held in the Tabernacle with an estimated 12,000 to 15,000 people in attendance. [177] Young built the Lion House, the Beehive House, the Gardo House, and the White House in downtown Salt Lake City to accommodate his sizable family. Lee was arrested on November 7, 1874. For a view skeptical of the "mantle phenomenon" as historically authentic, see. He died of appendicitis in August of 1877. What are the advantages and disadvantages of video capture hardware? From another planet, Adam brought Eve, one of his wives, with him to the earth, where they became mortal by eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. The decree of God that Canaan should be a servant of servants unto his brethren (i.e., Shem and Japhet [sic]) is in full force. It was only after the fact, and after the end of the Civil War, that Young slowly realized just how mistaken his hope in a sudden Millennium was: the perpetrators of the MMM were being sought by the Federal courts. Three of the Aposoles did not follow Brigham Young. After the massacre, Young stated in public forums that God had taken vengeance on the BakerFancher party. Harriet Amelia Folsom was Wife No. The mint was closed in 1861 by Alfred Cumming, gubernatorial successor to Young. Term ended by removal of apostleship; was later excommunicated. Brigham Young was probably the most oft-married man in 19th-century America. 20, No. Brigham Young had six sisters and four brothers. Mary Ann, who was pregnant at the time, had provided for Young's two daughters and the children of her brother Solomon Angell and their friend Lorenzo Booth while Young was away with Zion's Camp. [2] His last words were "Joseph! He also tried to promote Mormon self-sufficiency by establishing collectivist communities, known as the United Order of Enoch. On Tuesday, DJ Ferguson was in open-heart surgery to receive a mechanical heart pump, called a left ventricular assist device, which should keep him alive for up to five years, according to his parents, who worry about the toll the device will have on their son's quality of life. The 46-year-old was taken to the Royal Sussex County Hospital in Brighton, where he . [46] Eight of Young's plural marriages in Nauvoo were to Joseph Smith's widows. This blog is for preview purposes only and all music downloaded should be deleted within 24 hours. While the majority of the sealings were "for eternity", some were "for time only," meaning that Young was sealed to these women as a proxy for their previous husbands who had passed away. Brigham Young: Directed by Henry Hathaway. 1940 Creator. [36] He then returned to Kirtland where he remained until dissenters, unhappy with the failure of the Kirtland Safety Society, forced him to flee the community in December 1837. For instance, Joseph Smith was once attacked by an apostate from the Church, William Law, who "attempted to kill Joseph and fired a pistol at him six times at close range. The Mountain Meadows Massacre victimized several groups of emigrants from the northwestern Arkansas region who had started their treks to California in early 1857, joining along the way and becoming known as the BakerFancher party. [25] After his return to Kirtland, Young did carpentry, painting and glazing work to earn money. [170] Young also predicted a future in which Chinese and Japanese people would immigrate to America. Brigham Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont, to John and Abigail Young. Young also worked to establish the learning institutions which would later become the University of Utah and Brigham Young University. As governor, Young had promised the federal government he would protect migrants passing through Utah Territory, but over 120 men, women and children were killed in this incident. [119][120] Instead, those who committed such sins could partially atone for their sin by sacrificing their life in a way that sheds blood. "[104] The school broke off from the University of Deseret and became Brigham Young Academy in 1876 under the leadership of Karl G. Maeser,[104] and was the precursor to Brigham Young University. Brigham Young at Home is a valuable addition to the history of the home life of pioneer days. His father was a revolutionary war veteran. "Two missionaries of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, serving in the Colombia Cali mission were the victims of a robbery and assault. [12], However, by the time that the express rider delivered Young's letter to Haight, the massacre at Mountain Meadows had already taken place. [194] He encounters Joseph Smith and attempts to ambush his party of Mormons, but, rather than engaging with "the Clitoris Man", Smith shows mercy, rubbing one of the frogs that God has given him to have sex with to cure his AIDS on Young's face, curing his AIDS, and so moving him that he decides to convert to the faith. [103] Young said, "I hope to see an Academy established in Provo at which the children of the Latter-day Saints can receive a good education unmixed with the pernicious atheistic influences that are found in so many of the higher schools of the country. According to historian William P. MacKinnon, "After the war, Buchanan implied that face-to-face communications with Brigham Young might have averted the Utah War, and Young argued that a northsouth telegraph line in Utah could have prevented the Mountain Meadows Massacre."[6]. If the circumstances of his life had worked out differently [he] might have become a captain of industryan Andrew Carnegie or John D. Rockefeller or a railroad builder. They converted to the church, including his cousin Willard Richards. [33] He oversaw the finishing of the Kirtland temple and spoke in tongues at its dedication in 1836. Wagonmaster Luke Winner (Morgan Woodward) feels compelled to leave the instrument behind until Ridges finds solid rock under the sand. [192], In another Death Valley Days episode in 1969, "Biscuits and Billy, the Kid", Michael Hinn (19131988) of the former Boots and Saddles western series was cast as Young. He developed a device for mixing paints, and turned out many chairs, tables, settees, cupboards, and doors. "[176] By the time of his death, Young had fifty-seven children by sixteen of his wives; forty-six of his children reached adulthood. Haight. [16] In 1831, five missionaries of the Latter Day Saint movementEleazer Miller, Elial Strong, Alpheus Gifford, Enos Curtis, and Daniel Bowencame from the branch of the church in Columbia, Pennsylvania to preach in Mendon. Following her death, he moved with his father to Tyrone, New York. "[189], Mark Twain devoted a chapter and much of two appendices to Young in Roughing It. What is A person who sells flower is called? Sanborn, Rhoda Mabel Young, 1863-1950 (Person) Language of Materials. "[14] Brooks writes, "While Brigham Young and other church authorities did not specifically order the massacre, they did preach sermons and set up social conditions that made it possible." [21] Young and Kimball spent the summer following their baptism conducting missionary work in western New York, while Vilate Kimball cared for Young's family. Young's leadership style has been viewed as autocratic. Young's father, two brothers, and sister had already moved to Mendon before he did. "[9], Young married Miriam Angeline Works, whom he had met in Port Byron in October 1824. Provo, Utah CNN . [92]:34, In 1851, Young and several federal officialsincluding territorial Secretary Broughton Harrisbecame unable to work cooperatively. "[70][71] The indictment of Young and other leaders, combined with rumors that troops would prevent the Mormons from leaving led Young to start their exodus in February 1846. [27][28], At a conference on February 14, 1835, Brigham Young was named and ordained a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. ", invoking the name of the late Joseph Smith Jr, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. [51] While in Nauvoo, he married Clarissa Decker, Clarissa Ross, Emily Dow Partidge, Louisa Beaman, Margaret Maria Alley, Emmeline Free, Margaret Piece, and Zina Diantha Huntington. Young believed that Lee's punishment was just but not a sufficient blood atonement, given the enormity of the crime, to allow Lee entrance into the celestial kingdom. These wives bore him children after they moved to Utah. Dates 1940-1970 Creator Mackay, Eleanor White (Person) Language of Materials Materials are in English. He worked as a carpenter, glazier, and painter. Wikimedia Commons. [99] In 1858, following the events of the Utah War, he stepped down to his gubernatorial successor, Alfred Cumming.[100]. Young had a somewhat mixed view of slavery which historian John G. Turner called a "bundle of contradictions". Open for public research. [112] In 1853, Young made the church's first official statement on the subject since the church had arrived in Utah. The Utah Territory was created by Congress as part of the Compromise of 1850, and as colonizer and founder of Salt Lake City, Young was appointed the territory's first governor and superintendent of American Indian affairs by President Millard Fillmore on February 3, 1851. [29][30] On May 4, 1835, Young and other apostles went on a mission to the east coast, specifically in Pennsylvania and New York. Which is greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch? At its prime, the alphabet was used in two Deseret News articles, two elementary readers, and in a translation of the Book of Mormon. [163] In the 1840s, Young strove to keep aloof from nationwide political debates over slavery, avoiding committing to either antislavery or proslavery positions. He encouraged independence and self-sufficiency. [12] In 1828, the family moved briefly to Oswego, New York on the shore of Lake Ontario, and in 1828 to Mendon, New York. [134], During 1856 and 1857, a period of renewed emphasis on spirituality within the church known as the Mormon Reformation took place under Young's direction. He was the ninth child of John Young and Abigail "Nabby" Howe. As a church leader, Brigham Young stood in marked contrast to his predecessor, the charismatic, idealistic, and theologically innovative Joseph Smith. [175], Of Young's fifty-six wives, twenty-one had never been married before; seventeen were widows; six were divorced; six had living husbands and the marital status of six others is unknown. The ninth of twelve children, Brigham was born into a life full of work. [141], When federal officials received reports of widespread and systematic obstruction of federal officials in Utah (most notably judges), U.S. President James Buchanan decided in early 1857 to install a non-Mormon governor. His son, also named Alma, rebelled against everything he was taught. They were from Arkansas." As governor and church president, Young directed both religious and economic matters. Young was born shortly after his return. James H. Haslam, interview by S. A. Kenner, reported by Josiah Rogerson, 4 December 1884, typescript, 11, in Josiah Rogerson, Transcripts and Notes of John D. Lee Trials, LDS Church Archives. Brigham Young (/brm/; June 1, 1801 August 29, 1877)[3] was an American religious leader and politician. The remains of about 40 people were later found and buried, and U.S. Army officer James Henry Carleton had a large cross made from local trees, the transverse beam bearing the engraving, "Vengeance Is Mine, Saith The Lord: I Will Repay" and erected a cairn of rocks at the site. [91] It was established on February 28, 1850, as the University of Deseret; its name was eventually changed to the University of Utah. This was partly experienced when Young traveled with his wife, Miriam, and Heber C. Kimball to visit the branch of the church in Columbia. 25 and had the reputation of being his true love, much to the chagrin and mortification of the youthful Ann Eliza Webb Dee Young, No. [153], Young was also involved in the organization of the Salt Lake Gas Works, the Salt Lake Water Works, an insurance company, a bank, and the ZCMI store in downtown Salt Lake City. [60] The majority in attendance voted that the Quorum of the Twelve was to lead the church. Decades later, Young's son, who was 13 in 1857, said that he was in the office during that meeting and that he remembered Lee blaming the massacre on the Native Americans. [68] With the repealing of Nauvoo's charter in January 1845, church members in Nauvoo lost their courts, police, and militia, leaving them vulnerable to attacks by mobs. Florence Claxton's graphic novel, The Adventures of a Woman in Search of Her Rights (1872), satirizes a would-be emancipated woman whose failure to establish an independent career results in her marriage to Young before she wakes to discover she's been dreaming. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? [34] Shortly afterwards, Young went on another mission with his brother Joseph to New York and New England. Joseph! Conditions Governing Access. A longer video of the interaction shows Joe Biden was comforting his grandson, Robert Hunter Biden II, at Beau Biden's funeral. [193], Gregg Henry depicts Young in the fourth (2014) and fifth (2015) seasons of the TV series Hell on Wheels, a fictional story about the construction of the First transcontinental railroad. Just four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Young designated the location for the Salt Lake Temple; he presided over its groundbreaking years later on April 6, 1853. the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, priesthood on men of black African descent, issued a "selective extermination" order against male Timpanogos, vast arid West between the Rockies and the Sierra Nevada, List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States, "Brigham Young Biography: Facts of Faith", "Brigham Young (18011877) | FamilySearch", 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0801714, "The Religious and Family Background of Brigham Young", "Setting the Record Straight: Brigham Young's Baptism Date", "The Mantle of the Prophet Joseph Passes to Brother Brigham: One Hundred Twenty-nine Testimonies of a Collective Spiritual Witness", "The Making of a Mormon Myth: The 1844 Transfiguration of Brigham Young", "Utah's new capitol grows from humble beginning; first political sessions were held in council house; fight for statehood", "Open Hand and Mailed Fist: MormonIndian Relations in Utah, 184752", "Looking back at 'Mormon Gold' coins, other historical Utah currencies", "The Beginnings of the University of Utah", "Brigham Young: We Must Believe in Slavery (23 January 1852)", "Education among the Mormons: Brigham Young and the Schools of Utah", "History of the Ladies' Mutual Improvement Association of the Church of Jesus Christ of L.D.S., from November 1869 to June 1910, page 93", "Vol.1, Ch.4: Brigham Young: The Father of Mormon Polygamy", "The People of God Disciplined By TrialsAtonement By the Shedding of BloodOur Heavenly FatherA Privilege Given to All the Married Sisters in Utah", "The Orson PrattBrigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868", "Jehovah as the Father: The Development of the Mormon Jehovah Doctrine", "Mormonism and Capital Punishment: A Doctoral Perspective, Past and Present", Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "Letter from Bruce R. McConkie to Thomas B. McAffee", https://www.deseret.com/2010/6/18/20122138/mormon-church-statement-on-blood-atonement, "Chapter 3: Mormonism's Negro Doctrine: An Historical Overview", "Brigham Young against a then-fashionable scientific form of racism", "Brigham Young and Priesthood Denial to the Blacks: An Alternate View", "The Mormon Church Disavows Its Racist Past But Still Offers No Apology", "The Mormon Reformation of 1856-1857: The Rhetoric and the Reality", "The causes of the Mormon reformation of 1856-57", "Mormonism and Capital Punishment: A Doctrinal Perspective, Past and Present", "Reopening a Mormon Murder Mystery; New Accusations That Brigham Young Himself Ordered an 1857 Massacre of Pioneers", Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, September 10, 1857, "Art: Sculpture Statues: Brigham Young", "The Possessive Investment in Rightness: White Supremacy and the Mormon Movement", "People & Events Polygamy and the Church: A History", "Descendants of Brigham Young to Hold Annual Mass Meetings", "Brigham Young's descendants give rocking chair to Mormon church", "Mahonri Young | Smithsonian American Art Museum", "From Sherlock Holmes to Godzilla: The Mormon Image in Comics", "The Necessity of the Saints Living up to the Light Which Has Been Given Them", The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints titles, Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young&oldid=1142007408, American general authorities (LDS Church), American Mormon missionaries in the United Kingdom, Recipients of American presidential pardons, Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church), Apostles of the Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints), Burials at the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument, Latter Day Saint biography Infobox with missing parameters, Pages using infobox Latter Day Saint biography with unsupported parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021, Harold B. 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